long before electricity and electric fans, hand fans were an important part of everyday life. they were made from natural materials like palm leaves, bamboo, raffia, or woven fabric. people used them to keep cool during hot weather, especially at home, in markets, at ceremonies, and during church services. besides providing comfort, handcrafted fans also reflected local culture, tradition, and skilled craftsmanship, with many featuring beautiful patterns and colorful designs. even today, they remain a symbol of african heritage and elegant handmade art.